city social pathology and the role of citizens' social and physical capital in reducing it, a geographical perspective

social pathology, a new concept taken from biological science in the 19th century, is a science dealing with the study and analysis of social disorders. the objectives of this science are the identification of social injuries and their causes and methods of preventing them. lack of place sense (place belonging) and community sense in the citizens who have migrated to large cities create many social and psychological problems for them. to lessen these problems, the following strategies could be effective: designing appropriate collective physical spaces such as small neighborhood squares, neighborhood parks, preventing automobiles from entering neighborhoods, strengthening the social capital and the roots of reciprocal trust, using this capital to remedy social maladies and injuries. the article mainly focuses on the role of physical environment and the city space and the use of spatial variables in increasing social capital and reducing social injuries.